Lesson on 'The Taittiriya Upanishad' - 1. Swami Krishnananda
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09/09/2019.
Post-1.
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1.1
Until now, we have been passing through the foundational doctrine of the Upanishads – namely, the nature of the Ultimate Reality.
What is there, finally?
In several ways we have been told that whatever is there, finally, can be only a single Reality and it cannot be more than one.
This concept was corroborated by a famous mantra that I quoted from the Rig Veda Samhita – ekam sat: "Existence is one only."
The Ultimate Being is Existence. Being and Existence mean the same thing. That which exists cannot be more than one.
1.2
Everything has to exist, in some form or the other. Trees exist, stones exist, you exist, I exist, mountains exist, stars exist – all things exist. Existence is a common factor underlying every modification thereof as name and form. Whatever be the variety that is perceivable, all this variety is, at its root, an existence of something. Something has to exist, whatever that something be.
The Real cannot be non-existent, because even the concept of non-existence would be impossible unless it is related to the existence of the concept itself.
So the Upanishads say : "This Existence is supreme, complete, universal, all-pervading, the only Being."
Because It is all-pervading and filling all space, very large in its extent, it is called Brahman. That which fills, That which swells, That which expands, That which is everywhere and is all things – That is the plenum, the completeness, the fullness of Reality; and That is called Brahman in the Sanskrit language.
Brahma-vid apnoti param (Tait. Chapter-2, Section -1, Mantram-1), says the Taittiriya Upanishad : "Whoever realises this Brahman attains to the Supreme Felicity."
It is so because of the fact that when anyone contacts Pure Existence, that contact is equal to the contact of all things. It is like touching the very bottom of the sea of Reality. Hence, Brahman is All-Existence. The knowing of it is of paramount importance.
1.3
The Upanishads highlight various ways and means of attaining this Supreme Brahman. The principal method prescribed is direct inward communion with that Reality. Direct inward communion is called meditation. Deep thought, profound thinking and a fundamental, basic feeling for it – longing for it, and getting oneself convinced about one's non-difference from it because of its being All-Existence – is the great meditational technique of the Upanishads. Inasmuch as this meditation is nothing but the affirmation of the knowledge of the universal existence of Brahman, it is also called jnana, the path of wisdom. The meditation of the Upanishads is the affirmation of the wisdom of the nature of Brahman.
Whoever knows this Brahman attains the Supreme Being.
Brahma-vid apnoti param, tad eshabhyukta, satyam jnanam anantam brahma (Tait. Chapter-2, Section -1, Mantram-1).
How do we define this Brahman?
Satyam jnanam anantam : This is the name of the Supreme Being. It is Pure Existence, satyam, Ultimate Truth. It is Omniscience, All-Knowledge, so it is called jnanam. It is everywhere, infinite; therefore, it is called anantam. What is Brahman? Satyam jnanam anantam brahma.
To be continued ..
==========================================================================
09/09/2019.
Post-1.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1.1
Until now, we have been passing through the foundational doctrine of the Upanishads – namely, the nature of the Ultimate Reality.
What is there, finally?
In several ways we have been told that whatever is there, finally, can be only a single Reality and it cannot be more than one.
This concept was corroborated by a famous mantra that I quoted from the Rig Veda Samhita – ekam sat: "Existence is one only."
The Ultimate Being is Existence. Being and Existence mean the same thing. That which exists cannot be more than one.
1.2
Everything has to exist, in some form or the other. Trees exist, stones exist, you exist, I exist, mountains exist, stars exist – all things exist. Existence is a common factor underlying every modification thereof as name and form. Whatever be the variety that is perceivable, all this variety is, at its root, an existence of something. Something has to exist, whatever that something be.
The Real cannot be non-existent, because even the concept of non-existence would be impossible unless it is related to the existence of the concept itself.
So the Upanishads say : "This Existence is supreme, complete, universal, all-pervading, the only Being."
Because It is all-pervading and filling all space, very large in its extent, it is called Brahman. That which fills, That which swells, That which expands, That which is everywhere and is all things – That is the plenum, the completeness, the fullness of Reality; and That is called Brahman in the Sanskrit language.
Brahma-vid apnoti param (Tait. Chapter-2, Section -1, Mantram-1), says the Taittiriya Upanishad : "Whoever realises this Brahman attains to the Supreme Felicity."
It is so because of the fact that when anyone contacts Pure Existence, that contact is equal to the contact of all things. It is like touching the very bottom of the sea of Reality. Hence, Brahman is All-Existence. The knowing of it is of paramount importance.
1.3
The Upanishads highlight various ways and means of attaining this Supreme Brahman. The principal method prescribed is direct inward communion with that Reality. Direct inward communion is called meditation. Deep thought, profound thinking and a fundamental, basic feeling for it – longing for it, and getting oneself convinced about one's non-difference from it because of its being All-Existence – is the great meditational technique of the Upanishads. Inasmuch as this meditation is nothing but the affirmation of the knowledge of the universal existence of Brahman, it is also called jnana, the path of wisdom. The meditation of the Upanishads is the affirmation of the wisdom of the nature of Brahman.
Whoever knows this Brahman attains the Supreme Being.
Brahma-vid apnoti param, tad eshabhyukta, satyam jnanam anantam brahma (Tait. Chapter-2, Section -1, Mantram-1).
How do we define this Brahman?
Satyam jnanam anantam : This is the name of the Supreme Being. It is Pure Existence, satyam, Ultimate Truth. It is Omniscience, All-Knowledge, so it is called jnanam. It is everywhere, infinite; therefore, it is called anantam. What is Brahman? Satyam jnanam anantam brahma.
To be continued ..
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