UPANISHAD MANDUKYA : Chapter-1. Agama Prakarana ( The Scriptural Treatise ) Sri Gaudapada's glossary begins : Karika Mantram-s 10 to 18. Mantram-10 : Discussion :

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12/09/2019.

Mandukya Upanishad :

Chapter-1. Agama Prakarana ( The Scriptural Treatise )

Sri Gaudapada's glossary begins :

Karika Mantram-s 10 to 18.
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Mantram : 10.

"Nivrtteh sarvaduhkhanamisanah prabhuravyayah
advaitah sarvabhavanam devasturyo vibhuh smrtah."

Nivrtteh = free from;
sarva duhkhanam = all miseries;
Isanah = the Lord;
prabhuh = omnipotent;
avyayah = immutable;
advaitah = non-dual;
sarva bhavanam = all entities;
devah = effulgent;
turyah = turiya;
vibhuh = all-pervading;
smrtah = is considered.

      "In that which is indicated as the changeless and the Supreme Lord, there is a cessation of all miseries. It is the one without a second among all entities. It is known as the Turiya (Fourth), effulgent and all-pervading."

Discussion :

Shankara Bhashya (commentary)

In (the Knowledge of) Isana, meaning the Turiya Ātman there is a cessation1 of all miseries characterised by the three states, viz., Prajna,2 Taijasa and Visva. The word 'Isana' is explained as ‘Prahhu’, i.e., the one who brings about the cessation of miseries. It is because misery is destroyed by one’s own Knowledge of it (Turiya). ‘Avyaya’ means that which is not subject to any change, i.e., which does not deviate from its own nature. How? It is so because Turīya is non-dual, all 4 other entities being illusory (unreal) like the idea of the snake, etc., imagined in the rope. It is he who is recognised5 as the Deva (on account of his effulgent nature), the Turīya, the fourth, the Vibhu, 6 that is the all-pervading one.

Anandagiri Tika (glossary)

1 Cessation—The three states are said to be in the Ātman because we, as Turīya, cognize them. Therefore all misery as well as its cause associated with the three states, are imagined by us to subsist in Turīya. It is because we do not realise this that we identify ourselves with the states and that we suffer from various kinds of miseries. But a complete cessation of miseries ensues if we realise the Ātman as Turīya and thus witness the appearance and disappearance of the ideas, viz., the states without identifying ourselves with them.

2 Prajna—The state of Suṣupti, devoid of the Knowledge of Turiya on the part of the sleeper, is characterised as unhappiness.

3 Knowledge—Though Turiya is constant in all the states, yet we suffer from misery because we are not aware of the existence of the Turiya. It is only the Knowledge of Turiya that can destroy misery.

4 All other, etc.—Though Visva, etc., are perceived, they are really illusory like the ideas of the snake, etc., in the rope. Turiya alone is real. Every part of Visva, Taijasa arid Prajna is nothing but Turiya as every part of the illusory snake is the rope. Therefore from the highest standpoint only Turiya is.

5 Recognised—That is Turiya, as such, is known from the realisation of the wise.

6 Vibhu—Turiya is called Vibhu because it pervades all the three states.

To be continued ...

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