UPANISHAD MANDUKYA : Chapter-1. Agama Prakarana :Upanishad Mantram-7 : Karika Mantram-s 10 to 18 :Karika Mantram -15.

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Sunday, June 07, 2020.

Mandukya Upanishad :

Chapter-1. Agama Prakarana ( The Scriptural Treatise )

Sri Gaudapada's glossary :

Upanishad Mantram-7.

Karika Mantram-s 10 to 18.

Karika Mantram-15.

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SRI GAUDAPADA

Sri Gaudapada - (c. 8th century CE) (also referred as Shri Gaudapadacharya) was a very early guru in the tradition of Advaita Vedanta school of Hindu philosophy. He is traditionally said to have been the grand-guru of the great teacher Adi Shankara, one of the most important figures in Hindu philosophy and also believed to be the founder of Shri Gaudapadacharya Math.

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Karika Slokam : 15.

Anyathah grhnatah svapno

nidra tattvam-ajanatah,

viprayase tayo ksine

turiyam padam-asnute."

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Karika Slokam Translation :

Anyathah = mis-apprehensions, differently;

grahnatah = cognising;

svapnah = dream;

nidra = sleep;

tattvam = the Reality ( Self );

ajanatah = non-apprehensions ( who does not know );

viprayase = when these errors;

tayoh = these two;

ksine = disappears, are gone;

turiyam = turiya;

padam = state of;

asnute = ie realised, one attains.

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  The Tatvam (Essence) of karika Slokam-15.

"Dream is the misapprehension of Reality, while sleep is the state in which one is in a state of nonapprehension of Reality. When the erroneous knowledge in these  two states disappears, Turiya is 

Realised." 

Svapna or dream is the wrong cognition of Reality. Nidrā or sleep is the state in which one does not know what Reality is. When the erroneous knowledge in these two disappears, Turīya is realized.

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Shankara Bhashya (commentary)

When is one established in Turiyam It is thus replied : 

During the states of dream and waking when one wrongly cognizes Reality like the perception of the snake in the place of the rope, he is said to be experiencing dream.

1 Nidra or sleep,2 characterised by the ignorance of Reality, is the common feature of the three states. Viśva and Taijasa, on account of their having the common features of Svapna (dream) and Nidra (sleep), form a single class. That Nidra (sleep) which is characterised by the predominance of wrong apprehension (of Reality) constitutes the state of inversion which is Svapna (dream). But in the third state, Nidra (sleep), alone, characterised by the nonapprehension of Reality is the only inversion. (This forms the second or the other class implied in the text which speaks only of dream and sleep as covering the three states.) Therefore when these two classes of the nature of effect and cause, characterised by the mis-apprehension and non-apprehension respectively (of Reality), disappear by the destruction of the inversion characterised by effect and cause, by the knowledge of the nature of the Highest Reality, then one realises Turiya which is the goal. Then one does not find in Turiya this condition, the characteristics of which are these two (effect and cause), and one thus becomes firm in the Highest Reality which is Turiya.

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Anandagiri Tika (glossary)

1 Dream : Svapna includes dream and waking states, ordinarily so called, as in both the states there is a wrong apprehension of Reality. The inversion (absence of the Knowledge of Reality) which is the characteristic of sleep is found in dream and waking also. In other words, this is the common characteristic of all the three states.

2 Nidra : Nidra includes the three states of waking, dream and sleep, ordinarily so-called, as all the three states are characterised by the absence of the Knowledge of Reality. The inversion, characteristic of Nidrā, is the non-apprehension of Reality and this is the only feature of Prājna. But Svapna (dream) including the waking state also is characterised by both non-apprehension and mis-apprehension of Reality.

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Conclusion :

When does one realise this fourth plane of Consciousness?

This Slokam explaines it. Here the words dream and sleep are used in their spiritual significance : meaning mis-apprehension and non-apprehesion of Reality. Waking- state ( Jagrat ) is not specially mensioned here since the waking-state is included and incorporated in the term dream, since both the waking and dream-states are characteried by the non-apprehension of Reality. Whether one mistakes a rope to be a snake or a stick, in both the cases there is a mis-apprehension; similarly, whether we are dreaming or waking, the cognition is false and we live in the mis-apprehension of Reality.

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To be continued ...

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