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Mundakopanishad : CHAPTER-2. SECTION-2. MANTRAM-1.{ Pointers to the nature of Brahmam and advice how to know it. }

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Mundakopanishad :  CHAPTER-2. SECTION-2. MANTRAM-1.{  Pointers  to  the  nature  of  Brahmam  and  advice  how  to  know  it. } Avih  sannihitam  guhacaram  nama mahat  padam-atraitat  samarpitam, ejat  pranan-nimisac-ca  yadetaj-janatha  sad-asad varenyam  param  vijnanad  yad-varishtam  prajanam. avih  =  bright; sannihitam  =  existing  very  close; guhacaram  =  moving  in  the  cavity  of  heart; nama  =  known  as; mahat  =  great; padam  =  the  support; atra  =  here  ( in  that  Brahmam ); etat  =  this; ( sarvam  =  all ); samarpitam  =  ( in  HIM  ( Brahmam / Lord / God )  is  all  the  universe )  centred  round; ejat  =  moves; pranat  =  breathes; nimisat  =  winks; ca  =  and; yat  =  this  ( Brahmam ); etat  =  this; janatha  =  know; sat  =  with  form  ( gross ); asat  =  without  form ( subtle ); varenyam  =  the  most  adorable; param  =  the  highest  of  beings; vijnanat  =  beyond  the  understandi

Mundakopanishad : Chapter-2, Section-1, Mantram-10. { Brahmam and the universe are ONE. Knowing Brahmam destroys the knots of Ignorance. }

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Mundakopanishad : Chapter-2. Section-1. Mantram-10. {  Brahmam  and  the  universe  are  ONE.  Knowing Brahmam destroys  the  knots  of  Ignorance. }  Discussion-2. "PURUSHA ....... The  knot  of  ignorance....." We  think  that  we  are  the  body-mind-intellect-equipment  and  this  constant  thought  is  the  ego  which  is  the  hornet  of  pains  and  limitations. To  rediscover  ourselves  to  be  not  the  body,  mind  and  intellect,  that  we  are  nothing  but  the  Spirit-centre  ---  the PURUSHA,  is  to  end  all  our  self-made  shackles,  the  chains  of  ignorance. The  knot  of  ignorance  is  the  primal  bondage  under  which  Spirit  seemingly  commandeers  a  delusion  to  dream  its  own  finitude  and  morality. Hence  the  Sruti  says  here  that  one  recognises  himself  to  be  nothing  but  the  Prusha  and  thereby  fixes  his  entire  identification  with  it,  ends  all  his  thraldom  of  ignorance  and  comes  to  live  th

Mundakopanishad : Chapter-2, Section-1, Mantram-10. { Brahmam and the universe are ONE. Knowing Brahmam destroys the knots of Ignorance. }

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Mundakopanishad : Chapter-2. Section-1. Mantram-10. {  Brahmam  and  the  universe  are  ONE.  Knowing Brahmam destroys  the  knots  of  Ignorance. } Discussion-1. "Spiritual conclusion"   ..... Summarising  these  mantra-s  above,  Sruti  is  here  declaring  the  spiritual  conclusion  that  the  entire  world  of  names  and  forms,  feelings  and  ideas  is  but  a  manifestation  of  the  dynamic  whole  ---  the  PURUSHA. Action  and  thought  ( knowledge )  when  combined  tigether  provide  us  with  different  fields  of  activities  called  Universe. To  know  that  this  PURUSHA  is  the  vital  centre  in  the  individual-man  is  to  gain  the  true  Knowledge  of  the  SELF  (Atma ). Today  to  each  one  of  us,  our  centre  is  the  false-ego  which  is  the  seat  of  our  total  identification  with  the  false  envelopment  of  matter  that  seemingly  veil  the  spirit. Next : Discussion-2. "PURUSHA ....... The  knot  of  ignor

Mundakopanishad : Chapter-2, Section-1, Mantram-10. { Brahmam and the universe are ONE. Knowing Brahmam destroys the knots of Ignorance. }

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Mundakopanishad : Chapter-2. Section-1. Mantram-10. {  Brahmam  and  the  universe  are  ONE.  Knowing Brahmam destroys  the  knots  of  Ignorance. } Purusha  evedam  visvam  karma tapo  brahma  paramartam, etad  yo  veda  nihitam  guhayam so  vidya-granthim  vikiratiha  somya. purusham  =  the  Lord; eva  =  alone; idam  =  this; visvam  =  all  the  universe; karma  =  action/activity ( sacrificial works/ rituals ); tapah  =   tapas ( austerity, i.e,  knowledge ); brahma  =  ( all  this  is  ) Bramam; para-amrtam  =  the  highest  and  the  immortal; etat  =  this; yah  =  he  who; veda  =  knows; nihitam  =  seated  in; guhayam  =  in  the  cavity  of  the  heart; sah  =  he; avidya  granthim  =  knot  of  ignorance; vikirati  =  unties; iha  =  ( even )  here; somya  =  O  good-looking  youth. The Purusha  alone  is  all  this  Universe  ---  the  sacrificial  works  ( Karmam )  and  austerities  ( Tapas ). O  good  

Mundakopanishad : Chapter-2, Section-1, Mantram-9. { "Mountains, rivers, plants, rtc. are also born of Brahmam" }.

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Mundakopanishad : Chapter-2. Section-1. Mantram-9. { "Mountains, rivers, plants,  rtc. are also  born  of  Brahmam" }. Discussion-2. "Antaratma"..? The  'antaratma'  ( term used in the end of the fourth line of the mantram )  mentioned  in  the  mantramis  to  be  understood  to  refer  to  the  subtle  body  ( Sushma-sariram )  and  not  to  the  seat  of  Consciousness. In  short,  the  labour  of  mother  'Sruti'  is  to  hammer into  our  understanding  the  idea,  that  all  the  names-and-forms  recognised  by  our  senses,  all  the  mental  emotions  and  intellectual  capacities,  in  short,  the  entire  world  outside  and  within  ourselves,  have  risen  from  the  'One  Eternal  Principle,  the  "PARAMATMA." END. Next Mantram-10. {  Brahmam  and  the  universe  are  ONE.  Knowing Brahmam destroys  the  knots  of  Ignorance. } To be continued  ....

Mundakopanishad : Chapter-2, Section-1, Mantram-9. { "Mountains, rivers, plants, rtc. are also born of Brahmam" }.

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Mundakopanishad : Chapter-2. Section-1. Mantram-9. { "Mountains, rivers, plants,  rtc. are also  born  of  Brahmam" }. Discussion-1. "Recap of  previous  mantram  and  how  Sruti  takes  you  further  about  the  details  of  creation"... In  the  previous  mantra-s,  we  have  been  told  that  from  the  Supreme  Reality  came  all  the  dynamic  aspects  of  nature  and  the  entire  kingdom  of  living  organisms. This  enumeration  might  leave  in  the  minds  of  the  readers  a  doubt  a  doubt  that  the  inert  'matter'  may  have  a  different  source  of  existence  altogether. In  order  to  remove  any  such  fallacious  conclusions,  'Sruti' is  here  indicating  that  even  the  mountains,  oceans,  rivers,  are  all  manifestations  of  the  Same  Eternal  Truth. Earth,  when  watered  by  the  rivers  becomes  a  favourable  field  for  plants  life,  and  then  plants  grow. In  the  plant  is  the  sap  and

Mundakopanishad : Chapter-2, Section-1, Mantram-9. { "Mountains, rivers, plants, rtc. are also born of Brahmam" }.

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Mundakopanishad : Chapter-2. Section-1. Mantram-9. { "Mountains, rivers, plants,  rtc. are also  born  of  Brahmam" }. Atah  samudra  girayas-ca  sarve-smat syandante  sindhavah  sarva-rupah, atas  ca  sarva  osadhayo  rasas-ca yenaisa  bhutais-tishthate  hy-antaratma. atah  =  from  Him; samudrah  =  the  occeans; girayah  =  the  mountains; ca  =  and; sarve  =  all; ( utpannah  =  have  originated); asmat  =  from  Him; syandante  =  flow; sindhavah  =  the  rivers; sarva-rupah  =  of all  descriptions; atah  =  from  Him; ca  =  too; sarvah  =  all; osadhayah  =  the  herbs; rasah  =  the  saps; ca  =  and; (sambhavanti  =  originate ); yena  =  by  which; esah  =  this; bhutaih  =  by  the  gross  elements  of  matter; tishthate  =  exists; hi  =  indeed; antaratma  =  the  subtle  body; ( pariveshtitah  =  being  encircled). "From  Him  ( Brahmam),  all  the  oceans  and  mountains;  from  H

Mundakopanishad : Chapter-2, Section-1, Mantram-8. { Objects, organs and their presiding deities are also the creation of Brahmam }.

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Mundakopanishad : Chapter-2. Section-1. Mantram-8. { Objects,  organs  and  their  presiding  deities  are  also  the  creation  of  Brahmam }. Discussion-5. "lying  in  the  cave ( heart )" ....... The  vitality  of  these  centres  retires  and  take  rest,  as  it  were,  in  the  cave  of  he  heart  ( where  intelligence  remains )  when  the  individual  is  in  the  state  of  deep  sleep. That  the  word  "Prana"  here  cannot  be  the  vital  air  is  clearly  shown  by  this  suggestive  description  that  they  move  and  function  in  the  cave  of  the  heart. The  pictorial  language,  thoug  it  adds  a  beauty  and  extra  joy  to  the  glory  of  the  scriptures,  is  to  us  a  stumbling  block  in  understanding  the  correct  meaning,  because  we  are  not  used  to  it  in  these  days  of  commercial  literature  and  cable-gram  poetry!! END. Next  :  Mantram-9. To be continued  ....        

Mundakopanishad : Chapter-2, Section-1, Mantram-8. { Objects, organs and their presiding deities are also the creation of Brahmam }.

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Mundakopanishad : Chapter-2. Section-1. Mantram-8. { Objects,  organs  and  their  presiding  deities  are  also  the  creation  of  Brahmam }. Discussion-4. "The  seven  loka-s" ...... The  Seven  Loka-s :  In  this  beautiful  metaphor,  maintaining  the  general  spirit  of  poetry  in  the  mantram,  we  must  take  the  word  "Loaka"  here  to  mean  the  sense-centres  in  the  intellect. It  is  known  to  the  scientific  world  that  there  are  definite  nerve-centres  or  the  inner  principles  of  the  senses,  without  which  the  external  senses  cannot  by  themselves  function,  nor  cannot  control  the  sense  organs. Next : Discussion-5. "lying  in  the  cave ( heart )" ....... To be continued  ....

Mundakopanishad : Chapter-2, Section-1, Mantram-8. { Objects, organs and their presiding deities are also the creation of Brahmam }.

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Mundakopanishad : Chapter-2. Section-1. Mantram-8. { Objects,  organs  and  their  presiding  deities  are  also  the  creation  of  Brahmam }. Discussion-3."Oblations  referred "......       The  oblations  referred  to  here  must  naturally  mean  the  knowledge  gained,  when  the  power  of  cognition  shooting  out  through the  senses,  comes  in  contact  with  their  respective  objects. Oblation  is  that  which  is  thrown  into  the  flames  ( homa-dravyam  poured  in  homakundam ) and  which  sinks  down  into  the  very  source  of  the  flame,  there  to  get  itself  digested  and  burnt  down. Next : Discussion-4. "The  seven  loka-s" ...... To be continued  .....          

Mundakopanishad : Chapter-2, Section-1, Mantram-8. { Objects, organs and their presiding deities are also the creation of Brahmam }.

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Mundakopanishad : Chapter-2. Section-1. Mantram-8. { Objects,  organs  and  their  presiding  deities  are  also  the  creation  of  Brahmam }. Discussion-2. "Supreme  Self" ..... From  the  Supreme  Self  are  born  the  seven-holes  in  the  head  : 2 eyes, 2 nostrils, 2 ears, and 1 mouth. * ( Swami Adi Sankracharys  explains  these  seven  prana-s  as  the  seven-sense-spots  localised  in  the  head. These  seven  flames  are  referred  to  in  Prasnopanishad  111-5.) The  seven  flames  mentioned  are  the  seven  powers  of  cognition  that  beam  out,  as  it  were,  to  illuminate  their  respective  objects. Thus  through  the b eyes,  intelligence  beams  out  to  perceive  form  and  colour. Through  the  ears,  vitality  shoots  out  to  illumine  sound. Each  sense-organ  can  illuminate  only  its  objects. With  the  ears  we  cannot  recognise  form;  nor  can  we  see  sound  with  our  eyes. A  flame  can  be  maintained  only  w

Mundakopanishad : Chapter-2, Section-1, Mantram-8. { Objects, organs and their presiding deities are also the creation of Brahmam }.

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Mundakopanishad : Chapter-2. Section-1. Mantram-8. { Objects,  organs  and  their  presiding  deities  are  also  the  creation  of  Brahmam }. Discussion-1. "On  a  rough  reading  the  above  ........  confusion  and  confusion  ....." On  a  rough  reading,  this  would  naturally  confuse  anyone,  for,  in  its  literal  meaning,  it  has  no  sense  at  all. But  it  is  the  style  of  the  scriptures  to  use  such  code-language. The  "Sruti" mantra-s  are,  as  it  were,  very  brief  lecture-notes  taken  down  by  the  most  intelligent  students  while  listening  to  the  discourses  of  the  Ancient  Rishi-s. If  anyone  were  to  read  the  class-notes  of  a  clooege-student,  he  is  sure  to  get  himself  confused,  unless  he  himself  has  attended  the  lectures. Similarly,  this  mantram  looks  as  though  it  is  a  short  formula  only  to  bring  to  the  memory  all  that  the  student  had  heard  in  the  lecture

Mundakopanishad : Chapter-2, Section-1, Mantram-8. { Objects, organs and their presiding deities are also the creation of Brahmam }.

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Mundakopanishad : Chapter-2. Section-1. Mantram-8. { Objects,  organs  and  their  presiding  deities  are  also  the  creation  of  Brahmam }. Sapta  pranah  prabhavanti  tasmat saptarcisah  samidhah  sapta  homah, sapta  ime  loka  yeshu  caranti  prana guhasaya  nihitah  sapta  sapta. sapta  pranah  =  seven  prana-s  or  organs  of  senses; prabhavanti  =  are  born; tasmat  =  from  Him; sapta  arcisah  =  seven  flames  of  the  fire  ( viz. 1.Kali, 2. Karati, 3. etc,.......)  which  are  powers  of  recognition; samidhah  =  ( seven - fold  sense  objects ),  fuel; saptah  =  seven-fold; homah  =  oblations  ( knowledge ); saptah  =  seven; ime  =  these; lokah  =  worlds, ( seats  of  sense  life ); yeshu  =  where; caranti  =  move; pranah  =  the  prana-s  ( life-forces); guhasayah  =  lying  in  the  cave  ( heart ); nihitah  =  seated; sapta  =  seven; sapta  =  seven. "From HIM  are  born  seven  Prana-s,  the  se

Mundakopanishad : Chapter-2, Section-1, Mantram-6 & 7. { Rituals and means to perform them are also born from the imperishable. }

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Mundakopanishad : Chapter-2. Section-1. Mantram-6 & 7.  { Rituals  and  means  to  perform  them  are  also  born  from  the  imperishable. } Summation : Thoughts,  when  directed  towards  a  great  ideal  with  reverence  and  love,  gain  for  themselves  a  greater  potency  and  such  thoughts  are  together  called  devotion. He  who  is  thus  devoted  to  a  great  ideal,  divine  and  spiritual,  cannot  but  take  on  himself  vows  of  truthfulness,  and  self-control. He  who  has  these  qualities  will  naturally  have  a  new  code  of  high  values  in  life  and  with  severe  alertness,  he  shall  always  endeavour  to  live  up  to  them. ENDS. Next : Mantram-8. ( Objects,  organs  and  their  presiding  deities  are  also  the  creation  of  Brahmam ). To be continued  ....

Mundakopanishad : Chapter-2, Section-1, Mantram-6 & 7. { Rituals and means to perform them are also born from the imperishable. }

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Mundakopanishad : Chapter-2. Section-1. Mantram-6 & 7.  { Rituals  and  means  to  perform  them  are  also  born  from  the  imperishable. } Discussion-2. "In  the  second  mantram,  we  have  ......." In  the  second  mantram,  we  have  the  combination  of the  sequence  of  Creation,  to  emphasize  the fact,  that  every  living  creature  and  its  activities  of  life  have  come  from  that  Supreme  Soul,  the  Eternal  Pure  Consciousness. After  the  corn  and  barley  in  the  above  list,  the  Rishi-s  enumerate,  thought,  devotion,  etc. A few  well  known  critics  seem  to  stumble  here  not  finding  a  real  connection  at  this  place. In  fact,  there  is  no  confusion  of  thought  here. Corn  and  barley  stand  for  food,  and  food  is  the  nourisher  of  thought  : - if   one  were  to  fast  continuously  for  some  forty  days,  one  would  experience  that  one's mind  refuses  to  entertain  any  thought.

Mundakopanishad : Chapter-2, Section-1, Mantram-6 & 7. { Rituals and means to perform them are also born from the imperishable. }

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Mundakopanishad : Chapter-2. Section-1. Mantram-6 & 7.  { Rituals  and  means  to  perform  them  are  also  born  from  the  imperishable. } Discussion-1. "how  from  the  subtler,  grosser  things  evolving ..........." In  these  two  mantram-s,  we  have  the  details  showing  how  from  the  subtler,  grosser  things  have  evolved,  ultimately  to  make  up  our  known  world  of  things  and  feelings. The  first  mantram  is  clear  in  itself,  due  to  the  various  sacrificial  rites  which,  in  this  connection,  may  be  considered  to  incorporate  in  its  scope,  entire  world  of  actions. According  to  the  actions,  we  create  our  fields  of  activities  to  live  therein  and  gain  experiences. And  hence  here  is  the  hint  in  the  phrase,  "the  world  purified  by  the  Sun  and  the  moon." The  modern  world  knows  sufficiently  of  the  influence  of  the  Sun  and  the  moon  upon  the  available  aspe

Mundakopanishad : Chapter-2, Section-1, Mantram-6 & 7. { Rituals and means to perform them are also born from the imperishable. }

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Mundakopanishad : Chapter-2. Section-1. Mantram-6 & 7.  { Rituals  and  means  to  perform  them  are  also  born  from  the  imperishable. } Mantram-7. Tasmac-ca  deva  bahudha  samprasutah sadhya  manusyah  pasavo  vayamsi, prana-panau  vrihiyabau  tapas-ca sraddha  satyam  brahma-caryam  vidhis-ca. tasmat  =  from  Him; ca  =  and; devah  =  the  Gods; bahudha  =  of  various  orders  ( e.g.  Vasu-s,  Rudra-s,  etc ); samprasutah  =  are  born; sadhyah  =  the  celestial; manushyah  =  the  human  beings; pasavah  =  the  cattle,  beasts; vayamsi  =  the  birds; prana-apanau  =  the  in-breaths  and  out-breaths; vrihiyavau  =  the  corn  and  barley; tapah  =  the  ( concentrated )  thought,  austerities; ca  =  and; sraddha  =  the  devotion; satyam  the  Truth; brahma-caryam  =  self-control; vidhih  =  values  of  life; ca  =  and; ( samprasutah  =  were  born). "From  Him  also  the  Gods  of  various  

Mundakopanishad : Chapter-2, Section-1, Mantram-6 & 7. { Rituals and means to perform them are also born from the imperishable. }

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Mundakopanishad : Chapter-2. Section-1. Mantram-6 & 7.  { Rituals  and  means  to  perform  them  are  also  born  from  the  imperishable. } Mantram-6. Tasmad  rcah  sama  yajumsi  diksha yajnas-ca  sarve  kratavo  dakshinas-ca, samvat-saras-ca  yajamanas-ca  lokah somo  yatra  pavate  yatra  suryah. tasmat  =  from  Him; rcah  =  Vedik  hymns  -  the RK; samah  =  the  sacred  chants - the Sama  Vdam; yajumsi  =  the  sacrificial  formulae  of  Yajur  Vedam; diksha  =  preliminary  rites  observed  by  the  sacrificer; yahnah  =  sacrifices  like  Agnihotram; ca  =  and; sarve  =  all; kratavah  =  ceremonies  which  require  a  Yupa  ( i.e.  a  sacrificial  post  to  which  a  sacrifice  is  tied  during  the  ceremonies ); dakshinah  =  sacrificial  gifts  given  to  the  priests; ca  =  and; samvat-sarah  =  the  year  ( the  time  of  the  sacrifices ); ca  =  and; yajamanah  =  the  sacrificer; ca  -  and; lokah  =  the  

Mundakopanishad : Chapter-2, Section-1, Mantram-5. { Sequence of Creation from the Imperishable }

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Mundakopanishad : Chapter-2. Section-1. Mantram-5. { Sequence  of  Creation  from  the  Imperishable } Discussion-5. "What  Sruti  says  ......." That  from  the  rain,  the  seedlings  grow,  needs  no  commentary. When  these  vegetable  are  eaten,  the  male  secretes  its  seeds  which  are  thrown  in  to  the  womb  of  the  female  where  germination  takes  places. This  is  the  pedigree or  the  sequence  by  which  from  the  Supreme,  the  multiple  plurality  of  created  beings  come  to  exist,  says  the  'Sruti'. Mantram-5. ENDS. Next : Mantram-6. To be continued  ...

Mundakopanishad : Chapter-2, Section-1, Mantram-5. { Sequence of Creation from the Imperishable }

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Mundakopanishad : Chapter-2. Section-1. Mantram-5. { Sequence  of  Creation  from  the  Imperishable }  Discussion-4. " From  the  Moon,  the  Clouds  ---  the  Second  Fire" ...... From  the  Moon,  the  clouds  ---the  second  Fire : -  Tis is  to  be  considered  as  the  second  Great  Fire. The  moon  is  consideredas  that  which  causes  the  essence  in  the  herbs  and  the  eeds. Probably  we  will  have  to  wait  for  some  more  years  for  the  West,  to  discover  and  dedeclare  to  us,  that  the  moonlight  has  a  definite  function  in  flourishing  the  seeds  and  the  fruits  with  their  vitamin  contents. HHowever,  it  is  known  all  over  the  world  among  agriculturists  that  the  seeds  dried  up  in  the  Sun  during  the  day  and  exposed  to  the  Moonlight  in  the  night  become  very  healthy  seeds  for  sowing. Next : Discussion-5. "What  Sruti  says  ......." To be continued  .....  

Mundakopanishad : Chapter-2, Section-1, Mantram-5. { Sequence of Creation from the Imperishable }

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Mundakopanishad : Chapter-2. Section-1. Mantram-5. { Sequence  of  Creation  from  the  Imperishable } Discussion-3. "The  concept  of  Space  ....." The concept  of  Space  (  and  the  consequent  sense  of  limitation )  has  come  to  us  a  reaction  of  out  past  actions,  for  the  enjoyment  of  which  each  one  of  us  has  taken  this  incarnation. That  moment  any  one  of  us  transcends  the  bondage  of  Space-Time,  no  ore  can  this  world  and  the  experiences  of  this  world  assert  themselves  in  our  cognition. We  have  already  found  that  the  physical  Sun  has  its  own  philosophical  import. Philosophically,  the  Sun  represents  the  Sum - Total  of  reactions  of  all  the  actions  done  by  the  total  living  world  ----  from  WORM  to  MAN. As  such,  it  is  a  wondrous  analogy,  poetry  at  its  best,  to  say  that  the  Sky  is  the  Fire whose  fuel  is  the  Sun. The  difficulty  in  understanding  

Mundakopanishad : Chapter-2, Section-1, Mantram-5. { Sequence of Creation from the Imperishable }

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Mundakopanishad : Chapter-2. Section-1. Mantram-5. { Sequence  of  Creation  from  the  Imperishable } Discussion-2. "the Meditation  of  the  Five  Fires"..... In  order  to  understand  this  mantram,  we  must  know  that  in  the  Chandogya  Upanishad,  a  method  called  "the  meditation  of  the  Five  Fires" has  been  advised. Herein,  Mother  Sruti  is  talking  in  the  language  of  the  Upasana. 1. Sky : ..."whose  fuel  is  the  Sun : The  statement  made  is  to  facilitate  the  student's  meditation  for  the  purpose  of  self-purification. Here,  the  word  'Sky' means  the  very  concept  of  Space. We  know  that  our  mind  and  intellect  can  function  only  in  a  medium  of  Space,  time  and  casuality. Next : Discussion-3. "The  concept  of  Space  ....." To  be continued  ....

Mundakopanishad : Chapter-2, Section-1, Mantram-5. { Sequence of Creation from the Imperishable }

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Mundakopanishad : Chapter-2. Section-1. Mantram-5. { Sequence  of  Creation  from  the  Imperishable } Discussion-1. "It  is  such  Mantram-s  that  confuse  and  confound  ordinary  reader........we  need  a  guide ( Guru )..." It  is  such  mantram-s  that  confuse  and  confound  the  library  readers  of  the  scriptures. From  every  way-side-book-stall  cheap  editions  of  all  scriptures  in  the  world,  temptingly  invite  the  passers-by. The  publishers  also  see  to  it  that  the  editions  are  within  the  reach  of  all. And  yet,  none  of  the  none  of  the  editors  has  cared  to  see  whether  the  stuff  printed  in  them  is  intelligible  to  the  man-in-the-street  or  a  casual  railway-passenger. And  thus,  when  one  with  no  preliminary  knowledge  plunges  into  these  great  scientific  text-books,  he  finds  himself  lost  and  confounded. It  is  at  such  moments  that  we  need  a  guide  who  is  well-versed

Mundakopanishad : Chapter-2, Section-1, Mantram-5. { Sequence of Creation from the Imperishable }

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Mundakopanishad : Chapter-2. Section-1. Mantram-5. { Sequence  of  Creation  from  the  Imperishable } "Tasmad-agnih  samidho  yasya  suryah somat  parjanya  osadhayah  prthivyam, puman  retah  sincati  yositayam vahvih  prajah  purusat  samprasutah." [tasmat  =  from  Him; agnih  =the  sky  ( which  is  the  First  fire ); samidhah  =  fuel; yasya  =  whose; suryah  =  the  Sun; somat  =  from  the  moon; parjanyah  =  the  rain  clouds  ( Second fire ) osadhayah  =  the  herbs; prthivyam  =  on  the  earth  ( the  Third  fire ); puman  =  the  man  (  the  Fourth  fire ); retah  =  semen; sincati  =  casts,  sheds; yositayam  =  into  the  woman  ( the Fifth  fire ); {evam  kramena  =   by  this  process }; vahvih  =  many; prajah  =  living  beings; purusat  =  from  the  purusha ( From Him/Brahmam ); samprasutah  =  are  ( born ) produced.] "From  Him  are  produced  the  Sky  (  which  is  the  first  fire