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Mundakopanishad : Lineage of teachers : Mantram-1.

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Mundaka-Upanishad : Chapter-1, Section-1, Mantram-s-1,2. Lineage  of  teachers : Mantram-1. Discussion-2. "about  Brahma-Vidya" ..... This  knowledge  of  the  Supreme  Reality  is  called  "Brahma  Vidya,"   may  be,  because  it  was  first  given  out  by  "Brahmaji"  or  because  it  deals  with  "Brahmam",  the  term  as  used  in  the  Upanishads  for  the   "Eternal  and  Omniscient"  Pure  Consciousness. This  "Brahma  Vidya"  has  been  glorified  in  the  Upanishads  as  the  "Science  of  all  Sciences;"   as  the 'Knowledge  of  all  Knowledges;'  as  the  "foundation  of  all  other  Sciences"! The  'Self '   is  the  "Life   Principle"  in  us  and  all  other  knowledge-bits  about  the  external  world  and  the  inner  world  are  but  modifications  of  the  'Self.' Next Discussion-3.  "Sarva  vidya  pratistha" .

Mundakopanishad : Lineage of teachers : Mantram-1.

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Mundaka-Upanishad : Chapter-1, Section-1, Mantram-s-1,2. Lineage  of  teachers : Mantram-1. Discussion-1. "about Brahmaji" ... In  Samskrtam,  the  word  "Brahma"  is  used  both  in  the  masculine  and  in  the  neuter  genders. In  the  masculine  usage,  it  means  that  the  deity  in  the  Trinity,  who  is  the  Creator  of  the  worlds  of  names  and  forms. When  the  word  is  used  in  the  neuter  gender,  as  "Brahmam." It  means  the  "Supreme  Reality"  out  of  which  everything  came  out  including  "Brahmaji" himself.   Here  Sruti  says  that  when  the  very  Creator  manifested  out  of  the  "Pure  Consciousness"  as  a  specific  creative  urge,  it  was  not  the  birth  of  an  individual  who  is  the  product  of  the  male  and  female  seeds. Bramaji  is  not  a  product  of  sperm  and  ovum,  but  He  is  Self-born ( Svayambhu)  : He  is  a  manifestat

Mundakopanishad : Lineage of teachers : Mantram-1.

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Mundaka-Upanishad : Chapter-1, Section-1, Mantram-s-1,2. Lineage  of  teachers : Mantram-1. Om  Brahma  devanam  prathamah  sambabhuva visvasya  karta  bhuvanasya  gopta sa  brahma-vidyam  sarva-vidya-pratistham atharvaya  jyestha-putraya  praha. om  brahma  =  Brahmaji; devanam  =  of  the  Gods; prathamah  =  being  the  first; sambabhuva  =  born; visvasya  =  of  the  Universe; karta  =  Creator; bhuvanasya  =  of  the  world; gopta  =  protector; sah  =  He; brahma-vidyam  =  knowledge  of  Reality; sarva-vidya-pratistham  =  the  knowledge  of  all  knowledges,  the  foundation  of  all  sciences; atharvaya  =  to  Atharva; jyestha-putraya  =  to  his  eldest  son; praha  =  said ( gave out ). "Of  the  Gods,  Brahmaji,  the  Creator  and  the  protector  of  the  Universe,  was  self-born  fitst.  He  gave  out  the  knowledge  of  all  knowledges,  the  foundation  for  all  sciences,  to  his  own  eldest  son  A

Mundakopanishad : Santi Mantram ( Peace Invocation ) -15.

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Mundaka-Upanishad : Santi Mantram : Discussion : 11. The west.. what  happens  there ... In  Europe,  we  find  that  every  changing  vicissitude  of  national  life,  with  every  war,  with  every  revolution,  there  is  a  thorough  re-arrangement  of  material  values  lived,  and  consequently,  there  is  a  change  in  the  attitude  of  the  mind  and  intellect  to  life. With  every  disturbance  in  the  brain  cells  in  kaleidoscopic  variety,  we  get  a  library  of  philosophies  from  Plato  to  date. But  in  Bharatham,  the  Eternal  Veda-s  and  the  Upanishadik  Truths  are  as  true  today  as  they  were  when  they  were  taught  in  the  floery  valleys  of  the  Sacred  Ganga river. Though  the  scientific  developments,  communal  awareness,  political  consciousness  or  international  situations,  may  meddle  with  our  outer  and  inner  worlds  of  objects  and  feelings,  the  experience  of  deep  sleep,  you  will  admit,  i

Mundakopanishad : Santi Mantram ( Peace Invocation ) -14.

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Mundaka-Upanishad : Santi Mantram : Discussion - 10. "Guru-Sishya Parampara"  .... "West  and  East"...       Every  disciple  when  established  in  his  own  personal  'subjective'  experience  of  the  Truth  indicated  to  him  by  his  own 'Guru',  became  himself  a  'Guru'  and  when  he,  in  his  turn,  explained  and  expressed  that  state  of  experience  to  the  seekers  who  approached  to  him,  did  not  claim  the  discovery  for  himself  but  only  quoted  his  own  'Guru'. Thus,  our  scriptural  text  books  preserved  their  purity  and  chastity  till  today  and  have  come  down  to  us  in  the  hierarchy  of  Guru-Sishya  parampara ( generations ). We  are  not  to  allow  ourselves  to  accept  any  declarations  made  from  the  platfaorms  of  the  intellect  and  the  mind  as  part  and  parcel   of  our  Eternal  VEDA-S. If  we  do  so,  we  too  would  have  a  philosophy  t

Mundakopanishad : Santi Mantram ( Peace Invocation ) -13.

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Mundaka-Upanishad : Santi Mantram : Discussion-9. "The herm "Sruti"  itself  means  " that  which  is  heard."   ....... Again,  unlike  the  philosophy  and  philosophical  text  books  in  Europe,  in  Bharatham  Upanishads  were  not  commodities  for  growing  rich  or  instruments  for  earning  applauses. To  the  West,  philosophy  is  one  of  the  avenues  for  self-gratification  and  self  satisfaction;  in  the  East,  to  the  Rishi-s  and  their  true  children,  the  Hindu-s,  philosophy  is  is  for  Self-adoration  and  Self-attainment. Hence  they,  as  it  were,  chose  to  remain  behind  the  screen  and  sincerely  felt  that  the  knowledge  they  gained  and  gave  expressions  to,  was  not  their's. They  only  happen  to  hear  the  Mantra-s  from  within  themselves  as  though  spoken  by  somebody  other  than  themselves. "The  term  'Sruti'  itself  means  'that  which  is  heard'.

Mundakopanishad : Santi Mantram ( Peace Invocation ) -12.

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Mundaka-Upanishad : Santi Mantram : Discussion-8. "God defined  is  God  defiled" .... Even  when  we  happen  to  write  a  fairly  expressive  letter  of  a  satisfactory  note  we  cannot  but  show  it  to  others  and  share  the  joy  that  is  in  creative  art. All  creative  artists  are  thus  a  liability  and  a  nuisance  with  the  gross  men  of  action  and  dodders  of  beaten  path. A  painter  will  beg  at  your  feet  to  walk  into  his  garret  to  enjoy  his  creation. A  musician  will  go  mad  and  make  you  miss  your  train  . A  writer  will  hang  on  to  your  collars  and  make  you  listen  to  volumes  of  manuscript. An  Archimedes  will  forget  his  own  nakedness  and  run  along  the  roads  of  the  city  crying  "Eureka." These  are  instances  when  men  rises  for  a  fraction  of  a  moment  from  his  low  identifications  with  his  own  limitations  and  gets  a  glimpse  of  a  minutes

Mundakopanishad : Santi Mantram ( Peace Invocation ) -11.

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Mundaka-Upanishad : Santi Mantram : Discussion-7. "realm  of  perfection" .... When Upanishad-Seers, by complete  elimination  of  their  ego,  achieved  through  the  divine  method  of  submission,  reached  the  palace  of  Truth,   they  entered  therein  to  rediscover  themselves  to  be  the  owers  of  it. That  "realm   of  perfection"  is  indeed  the  world  which  having  reached,  no  one  returned. However,  there  are  some  among  them,  rare  birds  who  had  flown  back  in  their  divinely  selfless  service,  to  lead,  guide  and  encourage  other  manifestations  of  themselves,  unto  the  same  Truth. They  try  to  express  the  topography  of  the  realms  beyond  and  the  main  paths  by  which  one  may  reach  it.   And  such  moments  of  godly  inspiration  and   intoxicating  bliss,  the  Rishi-s  forgot  to  subscribe their  names  to  their  own  masterpieces,  the  Upanishad=s. Thus,  we  have  an

Mundakopanishad : Santi Mantram ( Peace Invocation ) -10.

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Mundaka-Upanishad : Santi Mantram :  Discussion-6. No  peace-invocation  concludes  without  thrice  repeating  or  invoking  "Santhi". The three  repetitions  are,  if  it  is  explained  by  the  Acharya-s,  addressed  to  the  three  groups  in  which  all  the  probable  obstacles  in  the  study  of  the  scriptures  can  be  classified. They  are  the  God-sent  ( Adhi-daivika ),  such  as  Lightening,  thunder,  or  phenominal (Adhi-bhautika)  such  as  fires,  floods,  and  landslides, etc.;  or  purely  subjective (Adhyatmaika) such  as  inertia,  lack  of  faith,  insincerity  and  such  others  that  arise  from  our  own  negativities. We  shall  everyday  open  the  discourses  with  the  chanting  of  invocation,  and  when  we  come  to  the  thrice - repeated  peace prayer,  we  too  shall  sincerely  pray  that  our  co-operative  effort  at  the  study  may  not  be  obstructed  by  any  force  belonging  to  any  of  the  thre

Mundakopanishad : Santi Mantram ( Peace Invocation ) -9.

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Mundaka-Upanishad : Santi Mantram : Discussion-5. "Ivocations to (the Nature) Indra, Vayu (wind), Surya ( Sun) etc ..... Again,  not  only  they  ( Rishi-s  and  people of  Ancient  Bharatham)  lived  in  a  spirit  of  complete  renunciation  and  acted  on  the  principle  of  Universal  love,  but  that  perfect  generation,  perfect  in  every  sense  of  the  term,  was  never  blind  to  the  necessities  of  the  physical  and  the  material  world. They  never  complained  of  life. With  an  appetite,  they  wooed  life  and  were  ever  impatient  in  their  thirst  for  more  of  it : This  is  evident  from  their  prayers,  that  the  Lord  of  the  Universe  must  bless  them  to  live  "the  enire  span  of  life  allotted"  to them   in  all  health  and  perfect  vitality. Their  invocations  to  Indra,  Vayu,  Surya etc.....,  make  us  remember  that  "Rama  and  Krishna ...and  other  Gods  worship  came  to  much  la

Mundakopanishad : Santi Mantram ( Peace Invocation ) -8.

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Mundaka-Upanishad : Santi Mantram : Discussion - 4.  Here  in  the  prayer  of  the  'Vedik  Masters' we  have  the  'Das Capita  of  the  Hindu-s ...... "If  each  one,  in  a  society  or  a  community,  is  to  ardently  and  sincerely  pray  so  as  to  meet  with  only  auspiciousness  and  act  for  the  same,  in  such  country  at  such  an  era  of  culture,  jails  will  be  redundant,  slum  areas  will  be  unknown,  poverty  unimaginable,  disease  a  mere  exception."     "From  the  state  of  affairs  available  today,  we  may  despair  and  fail  even  to  visualise  that  such  a  perfect  spiritual  communion  would  ever  possible  in  the  world,  but  this  seems  to  be  the  pattern  aimed  at  by  our  Bharatheeya  Rishi-s  of  ancient  Bharatham  and  their  prayers  clearly  indicate  to  what  perfections  they  brought  their  visions,  in  their  own  times,  as  facts  realised."   Next : Discus

Mundakopanishad : Santi Mantram ( Peace Invocation ) -7.

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Mundaka-Upanishad : Santi Mantram : Discussion-3. "The  great  Masters in  the  Upanishads   ......  knew  no  desire,  nor  the  sense  world,  which  they  had  enquired  into  and  discovered  to  be  hollow  and  riddled  with  carping  sorrows,  held  any  attraction  for  them. They  prayed  only  for  the  cultural  evolution  of  the  entire  kingdom  of  beings. This  national  character  of  of  the  'Vedik' period  is  stamped  so  faithfully  in  the  words  of  the  'Santi Mantram' in  each  of  the  Upanishads. Both  the  Master  and  disciple  sincerely  wished  and  prayed  that  they  should,  during  their  spiritual  life,  see  and  hear  nothing  but  auspiciousness. The  sense-organs ---  the  eyes  and  ears  are  the  great  grand-trunk-roads  through  which  Satan  enters  the  realm  of  Godly,  within  man. The  other  sense  objects  do  not  so  directly  pave  a  way  to  the  mental  suicides  in  man. Both  

Mundakopanishad : Santi Mantram ( Peace Invocation ) -6.

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Mundaka-Upanishad : Santi Mantram : Discussion-2. Just  before  the  study  of  Upanishads  ..... thus  each  day,  the  Master  and  the  disciple  pray,  and  thus  invoke  the  best  in  them  to  come  out,  through  a  complete  surrender  to  the  mighty  powers  of  an  Omniscient  God-principle. Every  word  in  the  Santi  mantram  is  a  declaration  hinting  at  the  vicious  criminal  instincts  in  ourselves. We  have  started  employing  God,  through  prayers,  as  our  advocate,  commission  agent,  doctor  and  even  an  abetter  in  our  murderous  intentions. This  is  not  the  fault  of  the  technique. A  knife can  be  used  in  murdering  the  mother  or  protecting  the  family. If  one  vicious  man  murders  his  mother  in  a  moment  of  antagonism,  because  of  that  we  cannot  declare  that  the  knife  is  a  cruel  weapon. Similarly,  the  technique  of  prayer  is  a  blessing;  but  it  is  we,  who,  by  e

Mundakopanishad : Santi Mantram ( Peace Invocation ) -5.

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Mundaka-Upanishad : Santi Mantram : Discussion-2. similarity with Sri Iyer  ......    Just  as  Sri Gopala Iyer  becomes  a  policeman  by  a  process  of  self-Invocation,  and  thereafter  the  policeman  forgets  to  act  or  live  the  weaknesses  and  limitations  of  Gopala Iyer   ---  the  father  and  the  husband;  so  too  we  can,  through  prayer,  invoke  the  Divine  in  us  and  come  to  transcend  our  own  today's  personality  and  its  defects  and  limitations. Prayer  is  the  technique  by  which  we  tune  ourselves  to  the  highest  perfection  and  thereby  come  to  invoke  in  ourselves  a  greater  perfection  of  both  the  mind  and  the  intellect ( buddhi ). "To  pray  is  to  be  seated  with  the  Lord's  at  His  feet.  To  pray  is  to  aim  at  the  target  of  God-Head  with  the  arrow  of  intense  longing,  which  has  the  sharp  end  of  full  faith.  To  pray  is  again,  to  receive  consola

Mundakopanishad : Santi Mantram ( Peace Invocation ) -4.

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Mundaka-Upanishad : Santi Mantram : Discussion-1. No  Upanishadic-study  ever  started  without  the  Guru  and  the  Disciple  chanting  together  the  peace-onvocation. Everyday  the  teacher  and  the  student  sat  together  and  started  their  discourses  only  afterb  a  common  prayer. In  these  days  of  acute  scepticism,  the  educated-illitrates  would  wonder  what  would  be  the  power  and  strength,  necessity  and  function  of  prayer  in  life. "Forgive  them  Lord,  they  know  not  what  they  say." Sri Gopala Iyer  is  a  poor  insignificant  member  of  a  bid  family,  and  in  his  own  house,  is  a  victim  of  the  mischiefs  of  even  his  youngest  son. Sri ayer  earns  his  livelihood  on  a  paltry  pay  which  he  gets  as  a  police  constable  in  the  local  Thana ( police-station ). Thus,  he  has,  in  fact,  more  than  one  personality  in  him  ---  the  father,  the  unhappy  husband  and  the  migh

Mundakopanishad : Santi Mantram ( Peace Invocation ) -3.

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Mundaka-Upanishad : Santi Mantram : " O  ye  Gods,  may  we  hear  with  our  ears  ( always )  what  is  auspicious;    O  worshipful  Ones,  may  we  with  our  eyes  se  ( always )  what  is  auspicious.    May  we  live  the  entire  length  of  our  allotted  life  hale  and  hearty  offering  our  praises  ( Unto  Thee ).    May  Indra,  ( Lord  of  Deva-s )  the  ancient  and  the  famous, Pusan ( Sun )  the  all-knowing,    the  Lord  of  swift  motion  ( Vayu )  who  saves  us  from  all  harms  and    Brahaspati  who  protects  the  spiritual  wealth  in  us --    bless  us  ( with  the  intellectual  strength  to  understand  the  scriptures  and    the  heroic  heart  to  follow  the  teachings)."      Om   Pease  be!     Peace  be!!    Peace  be!!! Next : Discussion-1. To be continued   .....  

Mundakopanishad : Santi Mantram ( Peace Invocation ) -2.

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Mundaka-Upanishad : Santi Mantram : bhadram = what is auspicious; karnenhih = by ears; srnuyama = may we hear; devah = Oh ! Gods; bhadram = by eyes; yajatrah = Oh worshipped ones; sthiraih = hale and hearty; angaih = by the limbs; tustuvagm-sah = may we live offering our praises ( Unto Thee ); tanubhih = by the body; vyasema = may we have; devahitam = for the benefit of the deva-s; yat-ayuh = ( lit. whatever ) entire span of life; svasti = blessings; nah = to us; indrah = Devendran ( King/Lord of deva-s ); vrddha sravah = ancient and famous; svasti = blessings; nah = to us; pusa = sun; visva-vedah = the all-knowing; svasti = blessings; nah = to us; taksyah = vayu ( wind ); aristanemih = who saves (us) from harm; svasti = blessings; nah = to us; brahaspaih = Brahaspati ( Protector of the Spiritual wealth in us ); dadhatu = may ( He ) give; Om = symbol of Parabrahmam ( Supreme ); santi = peace be; santi = peac

Mundakopanishad : Santi Mantram ( Peace Invocation ) -1

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Mundaka-Upanishad : Santi Mantram : Om  bhadram  karnebhih  srnuyama  devah     bhadram  pasyem-aksabhir-yajatrah, Sthirair-angais-tustuvagm-sastanubhih           vyasema  devahitam  yadayuh. Svasti  na  indro  vrddha-sravah         savasti  nah  pusa  visva-vedah, Svasti  nastarksyo  aristanemih           svasti  no  Brhaspatir-dadhatu. Om  Santi !                    Santi !!                     Santi  !!! Next : Santi Mantram to be continued  ....

Mundakopanishad : Introduction-4.

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Mundaka-Upanishad : Introduction : Part-4. Thus,  it  is  seen  that  a  study  of  this  Upanishad  and  reflection  on  the  depth  of  meaning  of  the  Mantra-s  is  unavoidable  for  any  sincere  seeker  of  Truth. Like  'Isavasya Upanishad,'  even  this  Upanishad  has  a  great  similarity  with  Bhagavad  Gita,  both  in  comments  and  theme. Mundakopanishad  emphasizes  "Sraddha"  to  be  practical  text  of  "Jnanam,  Yogam,  Bhakti"  in  a  miniature  scale. END of  Introduction. Next : Santi Mantram ... To be continued  ...

Mundakopanishad : Introduction-3.

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Mundaka-Upanishad : Introduction : Part-3. A  method  of  penetrating  'Brahmam' is  given  with  a  practical  anology. One  of  the  most  glorious  mantra-s  of  our  scripture  generally  chanted  soon  after  the  offering  of  camphor  flame  in   'Arati,' without  which  no  ritual  is  concluded,  finds  place  in  this  Upanishad  as  also  in  'Kathopanishad  and  'Svetasvatara  Upanishad-s.' "Him  the  Sun  does  not  illuminate,  nor  moon,  nor  stars,  nor  the  lightening  ---  nor  indeed  the  fires  kindled  upon  earth.  Everything  shines,  illuminated  by  His  light,  reflecting  His  glory." Another  well-known  anology  --  a  pointer  to  'Brahmam' is  from  this  Upanishad. Two  birds  ( Jivatma  and  Paramatma ); Another  famous  dictum  which  has  been  accepted  as  the  motif  on  our  National  Emblem : "Truth  alone  Truimphs,  not  untruth"  also  finds  place  i

Mundakopanishad : Introduction-2.

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Mundaka-Upanishad : Introduction : Part-2. After  explaining  the  Lower  and  Higher  Knowledge,  the  Changeless  Reality  is  pointed  out  to  be  all-pervadibg,  subtler  than  the  subtlest  ---  the  source  of  all. The  creation  of  Universeis  explained,  with  three  beautiful  analogies  of  Spider,  Plants,  and  Hairs  on  the  body  of  man,  to  have  sprung  out  of  Eternal  brahmam. Fruits  of  rituals  and  sacrifices  ( not  animal  sacrifice )  are  finite  and  transient. Good  works,  no  doubt,  lead  them  to  heaven,  where  rewards  are  quickly  exhausted  and  they  are  flung  back  to  earth. Sincere  Sadhakas  who  are  contented,  self-controlled  and  tranquil  are  advised  to  practice  austerity  and  meditatio  in  solitude, approach  reverently  a  teacher  well  versed  in  scriptures  and  well  established  in  Brahmam. Such  a  teacher  alone  can  show  him  the  path  to  Liberation. The  Imperishabl

Mundakopanishad : Introduction-1.

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Mundaka-Upanishad : Introduction : Part-1. Mundaka  literally  means  "Shaving  of  the  head". This  Upanishad,  therefore,  is  called  as  the  "Shaving  Upanishad  or  the  Upanishad  of  the "Tonsured." Shaving  Upanishad   ----  because  its  contents  remove  the  super-imposed  veil  of  "Ignorance" obscuring  the  "Atma"  through  direct  and  penetrating  exposition  of  the  "Higher  Knowledge" like  a  razor  removes  the  hairs  from  the  head; and  "Upanishad  of  the  Tonsured"  ---  because  it  is  primarily  intended  for  "Sannyasin-s" to  help  them  in  their  quest  for  the  attainment  of  the  Eternal  and  the  imperishable. This  'Mantropanishad'  consisting  of  sixty-four  Mantra-s,  rendered  in  a  picturesque  language,  couched  in  a  varied  and  charming  metre  and  diction  which  are  uniformly  sublime, belongs  to  "Athar

ISAVASYA UPANISHAD : Mantram : 18.

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ISAVASYA UPANISHAD : or VAJASANEYI    SAMHITA    UPANISHAD Mantram-18. ( Last Mantram ) Last Discussion-3. "We  offer  Thee  our  best  salutations" .....  "Agne  idam  na  mama".. "We  offer  Thee  our  best  salutations" : -  Surrender  of  all  the b false  conceptions  in  us  is  the  way  to  cleanse  our  heart  and  prepare  it  for  intimations  from  the  Higheat. In  the  ritualistic  portion  of  the  Vedas,  we  find  the  Mantram  for  offering  the  oblations ( homa-draviyam / pouring havis in  the  homa-guntam) as  "Agne  idam  na  mama" : - 'O  Fire !  I  give  myself  to  thee  ....  No  more  am  I  the  mind.' Thus " Namah"  is  a  voluntary  self  offering,  total  and  complete,  at  the  alter  of  the  Highest. "Namaskaram"  consists  not  merely  in  an  elaborate  demonstration  of  a  physical  prostration  nor  in  a  casual  oral  expression." "

ISAVASYA UPANISHAD : Mantram : 18.

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ISAVASYA UPANISHAD : or VAJASANEYI    SAMHITA    UPANISHAD Mantram-18. ( Last Mantram ) Discussion-2. "Agni  Devata" ---the  Fire  God  ..... Let  'bhaktas' ( devotees )  understand  that  true  'Vedantham'   is   no  enemy  to  them;  let  true  'Vedantins'   ( followers  of  Vedantham )  come  to  feel  ashamed  of  themselves  when  they  cry  down  'bhakti'  (devotion)  in  the  name  of  their  sacred  faith,  the  religion  of  Vedantham. At  the  time  of  the  'Vedas,'  "Agni"  was  the  God;  here  the  prayer  is  an  invocation  to  "Agni  Devatha" ---  the  Fire  God. "Wealth" : - Here,  in  this  mantram,  Lord  Agni  has  been  invoked  to  lead  us  to  "wealth." The  materialist  need  not  understand  that  this  'wealth' means  the 'sterling' or  the  'dollar'! It  is  not  the  wealth  of  the  

ISAVASYA UPANISHAD : Mantram : 18.

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ISAVASYA UPANISHAD : or VAJASANEYI    SAMHITA    UPANISHAD Mantram-18. ( Last Mantram ) Agne  naya   supatha  raye   asmin   visvanti   deva   vayunani   vidvan, yuyo-dhyas-majjuhu-rana-meno   bhuyistham  te  nama-uktim  vidhema. agne  =  O  Agni  (  O Lord  of  Fire ); naya  =  lead; supatha  =  by  a  good  path; raye  =  wealth; asmin  =  us; visvanti  =  all; deva  =  O  God; vayunani  =  ways; vidvan  =  knower; yuyodhi  =  remove; asmat  =  from  us; juhuranam  =  crookedly  attracting; enah  =  sin; bhuyistham  =  best; te  =  to  you; nama-uktim  =  prayer; vidhema  =  offer. " O  Agni!  (Lord  of  Fire!)  Lead  us  on  to  'wealth'  by  good  path,  as  Thou  knowest,  O  God,  all  the  many  ways.  Remove  the  crooked  attraction  of  sin  from  us.  We  offer  Thee  our  best  salutations  ( prayer)." Discussion-1.  In  this  concluding  mantram  of  the  Upanishad,  which  represents  th